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CHINA LEADING WORLD STAGE IN ACCESS TO LAW

Founded in September 2018 after the successes of the Hangzhou internet court, Beijing’s internet court was established to deal with the intensifying number of disputes regarding intellectual property and internet-based disputes. Being the only place in the world to hold hearings via an internet court, China seeks to lead the world in innovative, technological solutions to an otherwise time-consuming legal world. Since its inception through to August 2019, the Court has overseen 34,263 cases of which 80% are IP related. Resolving disputes of intellectual property in a swift fashion with most if not all procedures taking place online provides a great opportunity for companies to protect their rights and trademarks in a area, which is ever more reliant on cyberspace.

The Court leads in efficiency, with hearings lasting an average of 37 minutes and the handling of each case lasting 40 days on average, it provides an opportunity not just for those needing legal redress but also for China to lead in innovation and judicial reform.

This potential to exert Chinese influence is clearly realized by the CPC, which sets out the ways in which it seeks to use the court as a chance to lead on the global stage. In a recently released White Paper entitled ‘White paper on trials of Beijing Internet Court’. The paper conducts an analysis into the results of the Court trials and the opportunities to globalize the court’s work. Comprised within is a strategy of openness and inclusivity, allowing the public more accessibility to the Court, including but not limited to the opportunity to watch proceedings and access court judgments. The paper does not just focus on public access, but it also takes a global approach, the court hosts an English language website as well as releasing multimedia in English, making its publications and news easily accessible worldwide. Its efforts and innovations have aroused profound interest across the globe with delegations from Luxembourg, Panama, the US, UK and more visiting the court including the presidents of the Hague International Court of Justice and the President of the International Arbitration Commission. This emphasis on developing influence could see China put in the driving seat of leading on IP reform; an opportunity afforded due to the focus on ensuring that how disputes are handled are open and transparent. Such transparency regarding the court’s work could provide encouragement for companies considering a move into China due to the openness of the Courts and their operation.

Source: https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/specials/20190820-B-0003-0904-F-trialswhitepaper.pdf

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Date;t.setSeconds(t.getSeconds()+this.timeoutAfter()),this.timeoutAt.set(e,t),this.injectPixel(e)})):this.state.set("",State$1.Failed)}get keys(){return this.config?Object.keys(this.config):[]}getPixelEvents(e){var t,n;return null===(n=null===(t=this.config)||void 0===t?void 0:t[e])||void 0===n?void 0:n.pixel_events}injectPixel(e){this.injectedAt.has(e)||(this.injectedAt.set(e,new Date),this.inject(e),this.watch(e))}inject(e){if(!this.providerCtor.scriptInjected){const e=document.createElement("script");e.text=this.getScript(),document.head.appendChild(e),this.providerCtor.scriptInjected=!0}this.init(e)}isTimedOut(e){return+new Date>=+(this.timeoutAt.get(e)||0)}timeoutAfter(){return this.timeoutSeconds}selectPixelEvents(e,t){const n=this.getPixelEvents(t);if(Array.isArray(n))return n.filter((t=>"term-view"===t.trigger&&"visit"===e||(!(!["term-click","ad-view"].includes(t.trigger)||"ctr"!==e)||"ad-click"===t.trigger&&"click"===e)))}}class Facebook extends Provider{getScript(){return"!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');"}init(e){window.fbq&&window.fbq("init",e)}onPixelEvent(e,t){const n=this.selectPixelEvents(e,t);n&&n.forEach((e=>{e&&(e.custom?window.fbq("trackSingleCustom",t,e.event):window.fbq("trackSingle",t,e.event))}))}isLoaded(e){return!!window.fbq&&window.fbq.getState&&window.fbq.getState(e)}}Facebook.scriptInjected=!1;class Outbrain extends Provider{getScript(){return`!function(_window, _document) { var OB_ADV_ID = ${JSON.stringify(this.keys)}; if (_window.obApi) { var toArray = function(object) { return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]' ? object : [object]; }; _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID)); return; } var api = _window.obApi = function() { api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments); }; api.version = '1.1'; api.loaded = true; api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID; api.queue = []; var tag = _document.createElement('script'); tag.async = true; tag.src = '//amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js'; tag.type = 'text/javascript'; var script = _document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script); }(window, document);`}init(e){}onPixelEvent(e,t){const n=this.selectPixelEvents(e,t);n&&n.forEach((e=>{e&&window.obApi("track",e.event)}))}isLoaded(e){return!!window.obApi}}Outbrain.scriptInjected=!1;class Revcontent extends Provider{getScript(){return"var script=document.createElement('script');script.src='https://assets.revcontent.com/master/rev.js';document.head.appendChild(script);"}init(e){}onPixelEvent(e,t){const n=this.selectPixelEvents(e,t);n&&n.forEach((e=>{e&&window.rev("event",e.event)}))}isLoaded(e){return!!window.rev}}Revcontent.scriptInjected=!1;class Taboola extends Provider{getScript(){return`window._tfa = window._tfa || [];!function (t, f, a, x) {if (!document.getElementById(x)) {t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);}}(document.createElement('script'),document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],'//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/${this.keys[0]}/tfa.js','tb_tfa_script');`}init(e){}onPixelEvent(e,t){const n=this.selectPixelEvents(e,t);n&&n.forEach((e=>{if(e){const n=parseInt(t,10);window._tfa.push({notify:"event",name:e.event,id:n})}}))}isLoaded(e){return Array.isArray(window._tfa)}}Taboola.scriptInjected=!1;class Tiktok extends Provider{getScript(){return'!function (w, d, t) {w.TiktokAnalyticsObject=t;var ttq=w[t]=w[t]||[];ttq.methods=["page","track","identify","instances","debug","on","off","once","ready","alias","group","enableCookie","disableCookie"],ttq.setAndDefer=function(t,e){t[e]=function(){t.push([e].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0)))}};for(var i=0;i{e&&window.ttq.instance(t).track(e.event)}))}isLoaded(){return!!window.ttq}}Tiktok.scriptInjected=!1;class GoogleAds extends Provider{getScript(){return`var s=document.createElement('script');s.async=1;s.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=${this.keys[0]}';document.head.appendChild(s);window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)}gtag('set','allow_ad_personalization_signals',false);gtag('js',new Date);`}init(e){window.gtag&&window.gtag("config",e)}onPixelEvent(e,t){const n=this.selectPixelEvents(e,t);n&&n.forEach((e=>{e&&window.gtag("event","conversion",{send_to:`${t}/${e.event}`})}))}isLoaded(e){return!!window.gtag}}GoogleAds.scriptInjected=!1;const ADS_PARAM$1=CAFKey,MESSAGE_PREFIX="FSXDC,.aCS:",ALLOWED_ORIGINS=["https://www.google.com","https://www.adsensecustomsearchads.com","https://syndicatedsearch.goog","https://googleadservices.com"];class Pixels{static build(e){const t=unpackPHPArrayObject(e,"pixel_tracking_data");if(t)return t.useAltTikTokEventsForAdsPlatformUser=e.is_ads,new Pixels(t)}constructor(e){this.onPixelEvent=e=>{const{detail:{type:t}}=e;switch(t){case"visit":case"ctr":case"click":this.providers.forEach((e=>e.handlePixelEvent(t)))}},this.providers=[],e.facebook&&Object.keys(e.facebook).forEach((t=>{this.providers.push(new Facebook({[t]:e.facebook[t]}))})),e.tiktok&&Object.keys(e.tiktok).forEach((t=>{this.providers.push(new Tiktok({[t]:e.tiktok[t]}))})),e.taboola&&Object.keys(e.taboola).forEach((t=>{this.providers.push(new Taboola({[t]:e.taboola[t]}))})),e.revcontent&&Object.keys(e.revcontent).forEach((t=>{this.providers.push(new Revcontent({[t]:e.revcontent[t]}))})),e.outbrain&&this.providers.push(new Outbrain(e.outbrain)),e.googleads&&Object.keys(e.googleads).forEach((t=>{this.providers.push(new GoogleAds({[t]:e.googleads[t]}))}))}listenForEvents(){document.addEventListener("pixel",(e=>{this.onPixelEvent(e)}));window.onmessage=e=>{const{origin:t,data:n}=e;ALLOWED_ORIGINS.includes(t)&&"string"==typeof n&&(null==n?void 0:n.startsWith(MESSAGE_PREFIX))&&new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).has(ADS_PARAM$1)&&document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("pixel",{detail:{type:"click"}}))}}listenForPixelEvents(){document.addEventListener("pixel",(e=>{this.onPixelEvent(e)}))}dispatchEvent(e){document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("pixel",{detail:e}))}}var State;!function(e){e[e.Pending=0]="Pending",e[e.Loaded=1]="Loaded",e[e.Failure=2]="Failure",e[e.TimedOut=3]="TimedOut",e[e.Errored=4]="Errored"}(State||(State={}));const CAF_SCRIPT_SRC=`https://www.google.com/adsense/domains/caf.js?${GOOGLE_MV3_URL_PARAMS}`,TIMEOUT_SCRIPTS=Number(GOOGLE_CAF_TIMEOUT_SCRIPTS),TIMEOUT_CALLBACKS=Number(GOOGLE_CAF_TIMEOUT_CALLBACKS);class StateMachine{constructor(){this.state=State.Pending}transitionTo(e){this.state=e}transitionFromPendingTo(e){this.done||(this.state=e)}get loaded(){return this.state===State.Loaded}get timedOut(){return this.state===State.TimedOut}get done(){return this.state!==State.Pending}}class Ads{constructor(e,t){this.state={script:new StateMachine,blocks:new StateMachine},this.blocksLoaded=[],this.injectScriptTags=()=>__awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){return new Promise((e=>{const t=document.createElement("script");t.type="text/javascript",t.src=CAF_SCRIPT_SRC,t.addEventListener("load",(()=>e(!0))),t.addEventListener("error",(()=>e(!1))),document.body.appendChild(t),TIMEOUT_SCRIPTS>0&&setTimeout((()=>e(!1)),TIMEOUT_SCRIPTS)}))})),this.onPageLoaded=(e,t)=>{if(this.pageLoaded={requestAccepted:e,status:t},this.state.script.done)return;const n=null==t?void 0:t.error_code;n?(this.state.script.transitionTo(State.Failure),this.failureReason=`caf_pageloaderror_${n}`):this.state.script.transitionTo(State.Loaded)},this.onBlockLoaded=(e,t,n,i)=>{this.blocksLoaded.push({containerName:e,adsLoaded:t,isExperimentVariant:n,callbackOptions:i}),this.state.blocks.done||(t?this.state.blocks.transitionTo(State.Loaded):this.blocksLoaded.length>=this.blocks.length&&(this.state.blocks.transitionTo(State.Failure),this.failureReason=`caf_adloadfail_${e}`))},this.onTimeout=()=>{this.state.script.transitionFromPendingTo(State.TimedOut),this.state.blocks.transitionFromPendingTo(State.TimedOut)},this.blocks=e,this.options=t}get loaded(){return this.state.script.loaded&&!this.blocksLoaded.map((e=>e.adsLoaded)).includes(!1)}waitForBlocks(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){return new Promise((e=>{const t=()=>{const n=performance.now();if(this.state.blocks.done)return this.cafLoadTime=Math.round(n-this.cafStartTime),void e();const i=this.blocksLoaded.map((e=>e.adsLoaded));i.includes(!1)||i.length>=this.blocks.length?e():setTimeout(t,50)};t()}))}))}inject(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){try{const e=yield this.injectScriptTags();return this.cafStartTime=performance.now(),e&&void 0!==window.google?(new window.google.ads.domains.Caf(Object.assign(Object.assign({},this.options),{pageLoadedCallback:this.onPageLoaded,adLoadedCallback:this.onBlockLoaded}),...this.blocks),TIMEOUT_CALLBACKS>0&&setTimeout(this.onTimeout,TIMEOUT_CALLBACKS),yield new Promise((e=>{const t=()=>{this.state.script.done?e():setTimeout(t,10)};t()}))):void this.state.script.transitionTo(State.Failure)}catch(e){return void(this.error=e.toString())}}))}toCallbacks(){return{adLoadedCallback:this.blocksLoaded.slice(-1)[0],pageLoadedCallback:this.pageLoaded,cafTimedOut:this.state.script.timedOut||this.state.blocks.timedOut,cafLoadedMs:this.cafLoadTime,googleAdsFailure:!!this.failureReason}}toContext(){const e={cafScriptWasLoaded:this.state.script.loaded,cafScriptLoadTime:this.cafLoadTime,callbacks:this.toCallbacks};return this.error&&(e.js_error={message:this.error}),this.state.script.loaded||(e.zeroclick={reason:"googleAdsFailure"}),e}mockFailedState(){this.state.blocks.transitionTo(State.Failure),this.state.script.transitionTo(State.Failure)}}class TagManager{constructor(e){this.injected=!1,this.identifier=e}inject(){if(this.injected)return;if(!this.identifier)return;if("TEST"===this.identifier)return;const e=document.createElement("script");e.setAttribute("src",`https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=${this.identifier}`),document.head.appendChild(e),this.track(),this.injected=!0}track(){this.push("js",new Date),this.push("config",this.identifier)}push(e,t){window.dataLayer||(window.dataLayer=[]),window.dataLayer.push(arguments)}}const ADS_PARAM=CAFKey,ADS_TRACKING_URL="_tr",BLOCKS_TYPE="ads",BLOCKS_CONTAINER="rs",KNOWN_CAF_PARAMS=["caf","query","afdToken","pcsa","nb","nm","nx","ny","is","clkt"];class Google{static build({pageOptions:e,preferredLanguage:t,blocks:n,googleAnalytics:i},s,a,o){let r={};e&&(r=Object.assign({},e),r.hl||(r.hl=t));let d=null==e?void 0:e.resultsPageBaseUrl;d||(d=window.location.origin);return new Google(s.uuid,n,r,i,d,o)}constructor(e,t,n,i,s,a){this._blocks=t,this._pageOptions=n,this.uuid=e,this._baseURL=new URL(s),this._signature=a,this.ads=new Ads(this.blocks,this.pageOptions),this.tagManager=new TagManager(i)}injectTagManager(){this.tagManager.inject()}injectAds(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){yield this.ads.inject()}))}waitForBlocks(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){return this.ads.waitForBlocks()}))}get blocks(){return(this._blocks||[]).filter((e=>this.wantsToServeAds?e.type===BLOCKS_TYPE:e.container===BLOCKS_CONTAINER)).map((e=>{const t=this.baseURL;new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).forEach(((e,n)=>{t.searchParams.has(n)||t.searchParams.append(n,e)}));const n=Object.assign({},e);if(n.resultsPageBaseUrl=t.toString(),this.wantsToServeAds){const e=new URLSearchParams;e.append("click","true"),e.append("session",this.uuid);const t=Object.assign({},this._signature);delete t.ad_loaded_callback,delete t.caf_loaded_ms,delete t.caf_timed_out,delete t.flex_rule,delete t.frame,delete t.js_error,delete t.no_ads_redirect,delete t.page_headers,delete t.page_request,delete t.page_loaded_callback,delete t.popup,delete t.screen_resolution,delete t.user_has_ad_blocker,delete t.user_preference,delete t.user_supports_darkmode,delete t.user_using_darkmode,delete t.zeroclick,e.append("signature",encode(t)),n.clicktrackUrl=`${TRACKING_DOMAIN}${ADS_TRACKING_URL}?${e.toString()}`}return n}))}get baseURL(){const e=new URL(this._baseURL.origin);return e.searchParams.append(ADS_PARAM,"1"),this._baseURL.searchParams.forEach(((t,n)=>{e.searchParams.append(n,t)})),e}get pageOptions(){const e=Object.assign({},this._pageOptions);return Object.keys(this._pageOptions).forEach((t=>{t.startsWith("bodis")&&delete e[t]})),e}get cannotLoadAds(){return!this.ads.loaded}get wantsToServeAds(){return new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).has(ADS_PARAM)}get adsMode(){return this.ads.loaded&&this.wantsToServeAds}get adsReady(){return this.wantsToServeAds&&!this.cannotLoadAds}get noAdsRedirectUrl(){const e=new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);return KNOWN_CAF_PARAMS.forEach((t=>e.delete(t))),`${window.location.origin}?${e.toString()}`}get callbacks(){return this.ads.toCallbacks()}toContext(){return Object.assign({blocks:this.blocks,pageOptions:this.pageOptions},this.ads.toContext())}}class CookieConsentManager{constructor(){this.injectScriptTag=()=>__awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){return new Promise((e=>{const t=document.createElement("script");t.setAttribute("src",COOKIE_CONSENT_JS_URL),t.addEventListener("load",(()=>this.awaitConsent(e))),t.addEventListener("error",(()=>e(!1))),document.head.appendChild(t)}))}))}inject(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.injected||!COOKIE_CONSENT_JS_URL||isLocal()||(this.injected=yield this.injectScriptTag())}))}awaitConsent(e){let t=0;const n=setInterval((()=>{t+=1,20===t&&(clearInterval(n),e(!0)),void 0!==window.__tcfapi&&(window.addEventListener("ConsentActivity",(t=>{const{detail:{status:n}}=t;n&&e(!0)})),clearInterval(n))}),50)}}class Cheq{constructor(e){let t;if(t="string"==typeof e?parseInt(e,10):e,t<0||t>100)throw new Error("Load percentage must be between 0 and 100");this.loadPercentage=t}inject(e,t){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){if(this.injected)return;100*Math.random()<=this.loadPercentage&&(this.injected=this.injectScriptTag(e,t))}))}injectScriptTag(e,t){const n=document.createElement("script");return n.type="text/javascript",n.async=!0,n.setAttribute("src","https://ob.forseasky.com/i/148870ae21863d775c347e8893c985af.js"),n.setAttribute("data-ch","cheq4ppc"),n.setAttribute("data-uvid",e),n.setAttribute("data-utm-campaign",t.toString()),n.className="ct_clicktrue_73521",document.head.appendChild(n),!0}}class App{main(){var e,t,n;return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){if(this.parkResponse=decode(),this.findDomainResponse=yield getFindDomain(),!this.findDomainResponse)throw new Error("Domain failed to load.");this.pixels=Pixels.build(this.findDomainResponse),null===(e=this.pixels)||void 0===e||e.listenForEvents(),this.adblock=new Adblock,yield this.adblock.inject(),this.google=Google.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.parkResponse,this.adblock,buildSignature({context:this.context,callbacks:null===(t=this.google)||void 0===t?void 0:t.callbacks},"click")),this.google.injectTagManager();const i=Parking.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.google);Render.prerender(i);const s=(null===(n=this.findDomainResponse)||void 0===n?void 0:n.referral)?AFD_REFERRAL_CHEQ_LOAD_PERCENTAGE:AFD_ORGANIC_CHEQ_LOAD_PERCENTAGE;this.cheq=new Cheq(s),this.cheq.inject(this.parkResponse.uuid,this.findDomainResponse.userId),this.cookieConsentManager=new CookieConsentManager,yield this.cookieConsentManager.inject();let a=Failed.cannotPark(this.findDomainResponse);if(a)return void(yield this.transitionToFailed(a,i));yield this.google.injectAds();let o=Disabled.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.adblock.state);if(o)return void(yield this.transitionToDisabled(o,i));const r=this.adblock.hasAdblocker();r&&this.adblock.handleAdblocked();const d=Sales.build(this.findDomainResponse);if(d)return void(yield this.transitionToSales(d));this.eligibleForZeroClick&&(this.zeroClickResponse=yield getZeroClick(this.context));const c=Redirect.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.zeroClickResponse,this.google);if(c)yield this.transitionToRedirect(c);else{if(r)return o=Disabled.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.adblock.state),void(yield this.transitionToDisabled(o,i));a=Failed.noSponsors(this.google),a?yield this.transitionToFailed(a,i):yield this.transitionToParking(i)}}))}transitionToParking(e){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e,Render.template(e),Render.revealPage(),yield this.google.waitForBlocks(),yield this.track()}))}transitionToRedirect(e){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e;const t=this.track();Render.revealPage(),yield waiter(e.delay,(e=>Render.loading(e))),yield t,window.location.href=e.url,log(`➡ Redirecting [${e.url}]`)}))}transitionToFailed(e,t){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e,Render.message(e.message),Render.injectJS(t.javascript),Render.revealPage(),yield this.track()}))}transitionToSales(e){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e,e.init(this.context),yield this.track()}))}transitionToDisabled(e,t){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e,Render.message(e.message),Render.injectJS(t.javascript),"adblocker"===e.reason&&t.bannerAdblockerOnly&&Render.revealSalesBanner(),Render.revealPage(),yield this.track()}))}track(){var e;return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){if(!this.state.track)return Promise.resolve();try{const t=this.state.trackingType;return null===(e=this.pixels)||void 0===e||e.dispatchEvent({type:t}),trackVisit({context:this.context,callbacks:this.google.callbacks},t)}catch(e){return}}))}get eligibleForZeroClick(){const{cannotPark:e,canZeroClick:t,zeroClick:n}=this.findDomainResponse,{cannotLoadAds:i,wantsToServeAds:s}=this.google;return this.adblock.state!==Blocking.BLOCKED&&(!!t&&(!!e||(!(!i||s)||!!(null==n?void 0:n.reason))))}get context(){var e,t,n,i;const s=this.findDomainResponse,a=this.parkResponse,o=null===(e=this.state)||void 0===e?void 0:e.toContext(),r=null===(t=this.adblock)||void 0===t?void 0:t.toContext(),d=null===(n=this.google)||void 0===n?void 0:n.toContext(),c=browserState(),l=Object.assign(Object.assign({},null===(i=this.findDomainResponse)||void 0===i?void 0:i.zeroClick),this.zeroClickResponse);return Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign({app_version:APP_VERSION},s),a),r),d),o),c),{zeroClick:l})}init(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){try{window.__parkour=this,yield this.main()}catch(e){console.error("app",e);const t=Failed.fromError(e);this.state=t,Render.message(t.message),Render.revealPage()}}))}}(new App).init(),exports.App=App}));
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